What organ is affected by cannabinoids?

Discover how cannabinoids interact with the human body through the endocannabinoid system.

What organ is affected by cannabinoids? Cannabinoids, which may be naturally occurring in your body or plant-based in the case of tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol, can have broad effects on the brain, heart, lungs, liver, and gut.

The Body-Wide Endocannabinoid System

The endocannabinoid system (eCBS) is a cannabinoid web receptor made up of endocannabinoids and enzymes. CB1 receptors are predominantly located in the central nervous system, but can be located in additional body parts as well as fats and even the skin. However, the CB2 receptors affect peripheral organs including the stomach, as well as the immune tissue. This system establishes the role of cannabinoids in the body, from metabolism to mood.

Brain + Nervous System

The brain’s CB1 receptors have a healthy function and can affect the development of memory, learning, emotional states, pain, and coordination. Cannabinoids like THC can boost mood or ease pain; however, they can also affect the neuroplasticity process and mental function.

Gastrointestinal Tract

The eCBS regulates the gut through both CB1 and CB2 receptors. CB1 inhibits intestinal mobility and acid secretion, impacting digestion. CB2 receptors decrease inflammation, which can be a relief to sufferers of IBS. With prolonged and heavy use of cannabis, cannabinoids, especially THC, may lead to Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome, whose symptoms include nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain.

Cardiovascular System

Some cannabinoids tend to increase the rate of heartbeat and change pressure, impacting the heart and blood vessels. Endothelial dysfunction, which is caused by low levels of nitric oxide gas in blood vessel walls, has been associated with chronic use of THC. Here, cannabinoids' impact on the organs manifests in increased risk of high blood pressure and cardiovascular disease. 

Respiratory System

It is known that smoking cannabinoids can irritate the lungs and lead to coughing, bronchitis, or wheezing. Incorporating cannabinoids in edible or tincture forms may prevent irritation and damage to the lung.

Liver + Metabolic Organs

Cannabinoids can have contradictory effects on liver health dependent on a variety of conditions. In healthy individuals consuming cannabis moderately and not in tandem with alcohol, cannabinoids have been shown to have anti-inflammatory benefits and may even be protective against liver fibrosis and fatty liver disease. However, in people suffering from Hepatitis C, cannabinoids may worsen liver fibrosis or steatosis. 

Key Takeaways

Final Thoughts

What organs are affected by cannabinoids? The endocannabinoid system impacts the heart, brain, lungs, and liver in complex and often opposing ways. Cannabinoids are known to possess some therapeutic effects as well as risks. If you suffer from or may be at risk of cardiovascular or fatty liver diseases, you should always consult your doctor before consuming cannabis.

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